副詞「apparently」在日常英語中的「情態」意思


前幾天我看到一篇輕鬆有趣的文章,講的是一塊「Cheeto」芝士零食在拍賣中賣了很多錢,因為它的形狀像一隻 Pokémon(寵物小精靈)。


文章的第一句用了常見副詞 「apparently」,這讓我想到:其實這是一個非常常見的副詞,但在英文課堂中卻很少被直接教過。所以我想在這期通訊簡單談談它。


在我們看這句文章的例子之前,先說說這個副詞「apparently」為什麼有趣。

它的特殊之處在於,它不是用來表達具體語意(semantic meaning),而是用來改變句子的「情態」(modality)


「情態」指的是說話者在陳述某件事時所帶有的主觀感受。


很多同學(尤其是上過我們基礎課程的)應該從「情態動詞」(modal verbs) 接觸過「情態」這個概念——像是 "must"、"might"、"should" 這些動詞。


這些「情態動詞」的功能就是改變句子的「情態」,也就是說話者在說這句話時,加入了「確定感」、「懷疑」、「信心」等等主觀的感受。


例如,情態動詞「must」會在句子的限定動詞中加入一層「我覺得這句弓中的陳述是肯定的」這種主觀語氣:


It must be true. 這一定是真的


這句裡,「must」這個字本身不加任何新的字面意思,它只是讓句子的核心動詞「be true」帶上「說話者確信如此」的語氣。


同樣地,副詞「apparently」也是有加入「情態」的功能:它不是直接改變句子內容的意思,而是改變說話者對那件事情的主觀看法,也就是「情態」。


「Apparently」所加入的語氣是:「這件事我不是親身經歷的」或者「這是我從別的地方聽來的」,說話者對這個訊息是有距離感的。


它常見於要「間接報導」某件事,而不是親身體驗的事件的陳述。


例如:


The Smiths are apparently moving to Australia next year.


在這句話中,副詞 「apparently」傳達的主觀感受是:這個資訊——「史密斯一家明年要搬去澳洲」——並不是說話者自己親身得知的,而是從別人那裡聽來的消息。


這個副詞本身不添加任何實際的語意,句子的核心動作還是「他們要搬去澳洲」,但「apparently」加了一層「這是我從別人那聽來的」的情態。


所以,這句話在中文中根據語境可以翻譯為:


聽說史密斯一家明年要搬去澳洲

史密斯一家好像說明年要搬去澳洲

史密斯一家原來明年要搬去澳洲

剛發現史密斯一家明年要搬去澳洲

(或用類似廣東話語氣詞「喎」:)

史密斯一家明年要搬去澳洲喎~


再看一個例子:


Apparently, they are coming tomorrow, but no one told me.


聽說他們明天會來,但沒有人通知我。


原來他們明天會來,但沒有人通知我。


剛發現他們明天會來,但沒有人通知我。


「Apparently」所帶來的另一層情態是:驚訝或難以置信。說話者雖然報導這件事,但同時表達他對這件事的驚訝程度。


例如:


Apparently, his dad never had a smartphone.
他爸爸原來從來沒有擁有過智能電話


在這種語境中,我認為中文的「原來」最能捕捉那種又驚訝、又像剛知道的語氣。

此外,「apparently」還有一個常見的語氣功能是:說話者想對某種觀點保持距離,例如:

A: They are moving to Australia next year?

B: Apparently! 

A:他們明年要搬去澳洲?

B:聽說係!/原來係囉/係喎~ / 我都聽過!(等等)


B 不直接說「yes」,而是用「apparently」去強調自己也是得知了這事情,但自己個人不可以從親身經驗去確定是真的。

最後,回到我一開始看到的那句讓我起了寫這篇文章的念頭:


Pokémon has one of the most devoted fanbases in history—collectors will spend thousands on rare cards, limited-edition toys, and now, apparently, oddly shaped snacks.

 Pokémon 擁有史上其中一個最狂熱的粉絲群——收藏家會花上數千元去買珍貴卡牌、限量玩具,現在甚至原來連形狀奇怪的小食也不放過。


Gravalese, Stephanie. "‘Cheetozard,’ A Pokémon-Shaped Cheeto, Sold For $88,000 — Here’s Why" Forbes via Newsela. Adapted by Newsela Staff, Version MAX, 7 Apr. 2025, https://newsela.com/view/cm88y671l00083b6ktl7quugo/

這句中的「apparently」就是表達作者自己也覺得這件事很好笑、很意外——怎麼會有人真的花幾千元去買一塊芝士條,只因為它像 Pokémon?

「Apparently」在這裡沒有加上任何額外的語意內容,只是幫助作者加上了「情態」——她表示這件事不是她的親身經歷,而是她聽來的,而且她本身也覺得很難相信這是真的。

📘 試試看:這星期你能不能用「apparently」陳述一件你「聽說」的事?


The Adverb "Apparently" and its “Modality”

I stumbled upon a light-hearted article the other day about a piece of “Cheeto” (a cheese puff snack) that sold for a lot of money at auction because it happened to be shaped like a Pokémon.

The first line of the article as the adverb “apparently,” and it made me think that, actually, this is a very common adverb in daily usage that is not very often directly taught in English classes. I thought I could write about it briefly in a newsletter.

So, before we look at the line from the article, the adverb “apparently” is interesting because it is usually used to change what we (in Linguistics) call the “modality” of a statement rather than actually expressing a concrete semantic meaning.

“Modality” (情態) means the “subjective feeling” that a speaker is expressing when he/she makes a statement.

Most of you (especially if you have taken our foundational course) would have probably encountered “modality” via “modal verbs” (情態動詞), which are verbs like “must,” “might,” “should.”

“Modal” verbs change the “modality” of a statement -- i.e. the “subjective feeling” expressed by the speaker -- by adding a sense of “certainty,” “doubt,” or “confidence” etc. into the core finite verb of a sentence.

For example, the modal verb “must” adds a layer of “subjective certainty” to the core verb of a sentence: 


It must be true. 這一定是真的


The role of the modal verb “must” is to add a “subjective feeling of certainty” that the speaker wishes to express regarding the core action “it is true.”

“Must” does not add any actual concrete word meaning -- it only adds a feeling of “certainty” to the core verb “be.”

Now, in a similar way, the common adverb “apparently” also affects the “modality” -- or “subjective feeling” -- of a statement rather than adding a specific semantic meaning.

The “feeling” that “apparently” adds is that the speaker has some “distance” from the statement that is being made or that the speaker is not the “originator” of the statement -- for example, it is often used when we want to “report” something indirectly that we heard or learned from another source and did not experience first-hand: 


The Smiths are apparently moving to Australia next year.


In this sentence, with the adverb “apparently,” the speaker expresses the subjective feeling that this statement -- that “the Smiths are moving to Australia next year” -- is not firsthand information but rather a sort of indirect report of what he/she heard from another source.

The adverb “apparently” has no real semantic meaning -- the sentence’s core action is just “the Smiths are moving to Australia.” What it adds is “modality” -- the speaker expresses that he/she is just relaying this information.

So, in Chinese, we could translate this sentence in different ways, depending on the exact context, of course. 

For example: 


The Smiths are apparently moving to Australia next year. 

聽說史密斯一家明年要搬去澳洲

史密斯一家好像說明年要搬去澳洲

史密斯一家原來明年要搬去澳洲

剛發現史密斯一家明年要搬去澳洲


(or with a particle like 喎~, which has a similar function in Cantonese:)

史密斯一家明年要搬去澳洲喎~


Here is another example:

Apparently, they are coming tomorrow, but no one told me.

 聽說他們明天會來,但沒有人通知我

原來他們明天會來,但沒有人通知我

剛發現他們明天會來,但沒有人通知我


Another layer to the “modality” of an “indirect report” that the adverb “apparently” adds is an element of “surprise” or “disbelief” -- as in, the speaker expresses that he/she is reporting something that he/she heard and is quite surprised about it.

For example: 


Apparently, his dad never had a smart phone.

他爸爸原來從來沒有擁有過智能電話


When this is the case, I feel the adverb “原來” in Chinese captures the modality best.

That are many more “shades” to the “modality” that the adverb “apparently” adds to a statement, but it depends on each individual context. Let’s look at one more, which is that it allows the speaker to “distance” himself/herself from an opinion:


A: They are moving to Australia next year?

B: Apparently! 

A:他們明年要搬去澳洲?

B:聽說係!/原來係囉/係喎~ / 我都聽過!(等等)


B doesn’t directly say “yes” but instead uses “apparently” to emphasize that they also heard this information -- they personally cannot confirm its truth from firsthand experience.

Let’s go back to the example sentence that inspired me to write this newsletter:

Pokémon has one of the most devoted fanbases in history—collectors will spend thousands on rare cards, limited-edition toys, and now, apparently, oddly shaped snacks.

Pokémon 擁有史上其中一個最狂熱的粉絲群——收藏家會花上數千元去買珍貴卡牌、限量玩具,現在甚至原來連形狀奇怪的小食也不放過。

Gravalese, Stephanie. "‘Cheetozard,’ A Pokémon-Shaped Cheeto, Sold For $88,000 — Here’s Why" Forbes via Newsela. Adapted by Newsela Staff, Version MAX, 7 Apr. 2025, https://newsela.com/view/cm88y671l00083b6ktl7quugo/.


The adverb “apparently” here allows the writer to express the feeling that she finds it very funny and surprising to learn that someone would pay thousands of dollars for a piece of cheese puff.



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