I’m “Gonna” Write about “Gonna” Today ⭐️ 今天來說一下「Gonna」⭐
剛收到一位學生有關縮寫「gonna」的提問,我覺得這也很值得和大家分享一下。 「Gonna」是一種非正式的書面字形,是模仿母語人士說話時經常將「going to」中的三個音節合併為(音素也有變的)兩個音節的方式。 相信你們都知道,「be going to __」這表達方式常被用作表達「已計劃」或「即將發生」的未來動作。例如: I am going to do it now. 我正準備做這事 They were going to do it, but they changed their minds in the end. 他們本來打算做這事,但最終改變了主意 我們先系統性地分析一下,這個引出「已計劃」或「即將發生」的未來動作的表達手法,包含具進行式體貌的主要動詞「go」的限動詞字形(即輔助動詞「be」的合適時態字形,加上「go」的present participle「going」),以及一個附加的 infinitive 基本動詞字形詞組修飾語「to X」,表達出即將發生的動作是什麼。 實際使用這表達方式時,輔助動詞「be」都只會是(呼應主語字形的)簡單現在式字形,或者(呼應主語字形的)簡單過去式字形。 當「be」是現在式時,表達的是在說話者不久將來「快要實行的事情」,或「計劃要實行的事情」,或者「即將發生的某事情」: I am going to do it now. 我正準備做這事 They are going to visit their grandmother tomorrow. 她們明天會去探望她們祖母 The concert is going to start soon. 音樂會快將開始 「Be」是過去式的話,表達的便會是「過去打算實行的事情」,或「本來計劃要實行的事情」,或者「本應發生的事情」。 而它通常也暗示了該動作最終沒有發生。例如: I was going to do it yesterday, but I forgot. 我昨天本來打算做的,但我忘了 They were going to visit their grandmother, but she told them not to. 他們本來要去探望他們的祖母,但她叫他們不要去 以上只是關於「be going to __」這表達方式的簡單重溫。 今天的重點在於在我們講話時,這表達方式中的「going to」部分,發音常常會被縮短。 「going to」本身是要發三個音節的: “going to” /’goʊ ɪŋ tu/ 然而,由於作為infinitive標記的「to」有一句話語中發音時會是非重音,原來的母音 /u/ 通常被轉化為很弱的非重音母音 /ə/ : /’goʊ ɪŋ tə/ 「Going」的第二個音節,原本的發音是/ɪŋ/,也是非重音音節。 語速較快時,元音/ɪ/與第一個重音音節/goʊ/中的元音會合併,鼻音子音 /ŋ/ 也會變成(口腔中較前發音的)鼻音子音 /n/。/n/ 發音位置是在口腔內較前方的位置。 /n/ 的發音位置比 /ŋ/ 更靠近原本的下一個子音 /t/ 的發音位置,所以很經常會一個 /n/ 便替代了原本的鼻音 /ŋ/ 和原來的下一個子音 /t/。 因此當我們語速較快時,常常會把「going to」發音成: /goʊnə/ (或者甚至是 /gɔnə/) (※ 如想學習更多資訊,可參閱我們的初階發音課程和即將推出的高階課程,以了解英文發音在不同層次的特徵,包括音素層次、音節層次、字層次、及句子層次。) 所以,「gonna」其實是一種非正式的書面字形,模仿我們在說話時,把「going to」原本的三個音節合併為兩個音素以快速地發音(/gɔnə/)。 「Gonna」經常會被用來替代「going to」,但一般僅限於非正式的書寫,例如短信或非正式的電郵等。 所以進行正式的書寫時,可能要盡量避免使用這字形。 但就算是用時也要記得,只有當「going to」是以固定表達方式來表達未來行動時 – 也就是當「going to」後面連接的是infinitive詞組時,我們才會使用這非正式的「gonna」替代。 如果只是表達「go(去)」的進行式意思,我們並不會使用這種非正式的縮寫。例如: I am going to do it soon. → I am gonna do it soon. ✅ I am going to the park. → I am gonna the park. ❌ (*usually not done 一般不會) 還有別忘了,這表達方式中也包含了「be」這個輔助動詞(因為要表達動詞「go」的進行式體貌)。所以就算是使用非正式的「gonna」,也一定要加入「be」才正確。例如: I am going to do it soon. → I am (I’m) gonna do it soon. ✅ I gonna do it soon. ❌ 大家還有其他非正式的書面字形想要了解嗎?以後我們可以討論一下。 |
小練習: 以下哪個句子裡的「going to」可以被非正式的字形「gonna」取代?請嘗試指出,並以「gonna」替代當中的「going to」。
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I’m “Gonna” Write about “Gonna” Today ⭐️ A student sent in a question recently about the written short form “gonna,” so I thought I could write about it in today’s newsletter. “Gonna” is the informal written form that imitates the way native speakers often merge the three syllables in the words “going to” into two (with altered phonemes) during casual speech. As I am sure most of you know, we often use the fixed expression “be going to __” to express “planned” and “imminent” future actions. For example: I am going to do it now. 我正準備做這事 They were going to do it, but they changed their minds in the end. 他們本來打算做這事,但最終改變了主意 This fixed expression for “planned” or “imminent” future actions, if we analyze it systematically, consists of a finite verb form with progressive aspect for the main verb “go” -- that is, the auxiliary “be” in the appropriate tense form, plus the present participle of “go,” “going” -- with an additional infinitive phrase modifier “to X,” which expresses what the imminent action is. When we use this expression in reality, the auxiliary “be” is always either in simple present form (agreeing in form with the subject) or simple past form (agreeing in form with the subject). When the “be” is in present tense, the expression has the meaning of “about to do something” or “planning to do something” in the immediate future, or that “something is about to happen”: I am going to do it now. 我正準備做這事 They are going to visit their grandmother tomorrow. 她們明天會去探望她們祖母 The concert is going to start soon. 音樂會快將開始 When the “be” is in past tense, the expression has the meaning of “having the intention to do something in the past” or “something was planned” or “supposed to happen.” Very often, the implication in meaning is that the action didn’t end up happening. For example: I was going to do it yesterday, but I forgot. 我昨天本來打算做的,但我忘了 They were going to visit their grandmother, but she told them not to. 他們本來要去探望他們的祖母,但她叫他們不要去 Anyway, the above is just a short review of what the expression “be going to _____ “ means. The main point I want to make here is that, in speech, the “going to” part in this commonly used expression is often shortened in its pronunciation. Originally, “going to” is pronounced as these three syllables: “going to” /’goʊ ɪŋ tu/ However, because the infinitive marker “to” is very often unstressed when it is spoken within an entire utterance -- especially in quick, informal speech -- the original vowel /u/ is often “reduced” to the weak unstressed vowel /ə/ : /’goʊ ɪŋ tə/ Within the word “going,” the second syllable, originally pronounced /ɪŋ/, is also unstressed. In quick speech, this vowel /ɪ/ merges with the vowel in the first stressed syllable /goʊ/, and the nasal consonant /ŋ/ becomes the nasal consonant /n/, which is pronounced further in front inside the oral cavity. This /n/ is pronounced in a place that is close to where the original next consonant, /t/, is pronounced, so it kind of acts as a substitute for both the original nasal /ŋ/ (by being a nasal) and the original /t/ (which is pronounced in the same place in the mouth). As such, in quick speech, “going to” is often pronounced as: /goʊnə/ (or often even /gɔnə/) (※ See our Elementary Pronunciation Course and upcoming Advanced Course for further details about the English sound system on all levels) So, “gonna” is an informal written form that approximates this quick pronunciation of “going to” /gɔnə/ in speech that merges the three original syllables into two with altered phonemes. The informal written form “gonna” is very commonly used in replacement of “going to,” but it is usually only used in informal writing, for example in texting and informal emails, etc. Try not to use this form in formal writing. But, also, note that we only use this informal written form “gonna” when we are replacing the “going to” in the fixed expression about future actions -- as in, only when this “going to” is followed by an infinitive phrase. We would not use this informal abbreviation when we are just expressing the meaning of “go” (去) in progressive aspect. For example: I am going to do it soon. → I am gonna do it soon. ✅ I am going to the park. → I am gonna the park. ❌ (*usually not done) Also, remember that there is an auxiliary verb “be” in this expression (because we are building the progressive aspect of the verb “go”). Don’t leave out the “be” even when you are using the informal written form “gonna.” For example: I am going to do it soon. → I am (I’m) gonna do it soon. ✅ I gonna do it soon. ❌ What other informal written forms like this do you know? We can discuss them in the future. |
Mini Exercise: In which of the following sentences can we replace “going to” with the informal form “gonna”? Identify the sentence and then replace its “going to” with “gonna.”
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Answers:
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